electrialstandards

In this project i used arduino and XOR gate to power factor measurement. What is power factor? Power factor is a number between 0 and 1 refers to phase shift between voltage phase and current phase in AC appliance. How to measure PF with Microcontroller (Arduino)? To measuring power factor with microcontrollers in first we used Op-Amp to zero cross detection to find the phase shift between current and voltage phase, the op-amp convert the sine wave signal comes from CT and PT with different amplitude to square wave with about 4v amplitude, then we connect these two square wave to XOR gate inputs.  XOR gate output will be 1 just when the input have different signal so when the load is resistive XOR gate output is 0 because both voltage and current phases start and ends in the same time, but when the load is inductive or capacitive XOR output is 1 because there are phase shaft between voltage and current, Hence we can find the power factor by measuring the "ON-time" of XOR out...

This Arduino project help you to control brightness of a 220V dimmable lamp or speed of ceiling fan (or any other electric motor) with an IR remote control using Arduino. Max. power which can controlled with this dimmer depend on triac model.(BT136 can bear 4A according to Datasheet). This project consist of 4 basic parts: 1-Microcontroller(Arduino) 2-Zero-cross detector(Bridge and Optocoupler) 3-Display(7Segment) 4-Phase angel controller(Tiac and Triac driver) The load can controlled by Up and Down bush button or with IR remote controller.  Circuit diagram:   Parts list: Arduino UNO(or other version) Optocoupler pc817 Triac driver MOC3021(Or any other Random-phase triac driver) 1 Digit 7 Segment common cathode Triac BT136 Diode bridge(4pcs 1N4007) Push bottom(4pcs) Resistor 100K(2pcs) Resistor470 ohm (2pcs) Resistor 330 ohm Resistor 100 ohm 1W Resistor 10K Capacitor 100nF 400v IR receiver 1830B Important NOTES: 1- You have to using only RANDOM-phase triac driver such as MOC ...

Many people forgets the bathroom and toilet lamps in ON state, absolutely this causes increasing electric bill and even decrease lamps lifespan. This circuit is a simple way to turning ON and OFF the bathroom or toilet lamp automatically without using microcontroller. The circuit based on the counter IC4017 and laser. when a person go to bathroom his body cut the laser ray that is focused on the LDR in another side of the door frame, connecting and disconnecting the laser ray changed the LDR electric resistance and giving a positive signal to pin14 of the IC4017 through transistor 2N2222, since pin4 jumped to reset pin (pin15) so the output selector will be changed between pin3 and pin2. Pin3 run the transistor to running the relay. Two LEDs showing ON state and OFF state. 330 ohm resistor used to LEDs protection by giving 15mA current to them. You can use any other NPN transistor rather than 2N2222 such as BC547, C9013, 2N5551, etc.  This circuit is suitable for light switching fo...

Many peoples forgets the Room lamps in running state when nobody in the room, this causes increasing electric bill or battery energy losing in solar home. This Arduino project is a visitor counter that turns OFF the lamp when nobody in the room automatically, it also can used for lamps of bathroom, toilet, kitchen, etc. Visitor counter can makes by using different types of sensors, such as IR ray, Ultrasonic, Avoidance sensor, Laser ray, etc. Here i used Laser because the laser has long distance range, Avoidance sensor is very easy to use but its distance rang is lower than 30cm. You can make this project with LCD display for showing the numbers of people in the room but as you can see in the video i don't used display because its not important for me, any way the code is same with or without display. This project help to power consumption optimizing.  Parts list: Arduino board  1 Channel Relay module Laser diode(2 pcs) Light sensor modules(2 pcs) Adapter 5v 200mA If you want ...

In this project i used Arduino and some other electronic components for AC mains frequency measurement. Since Frequency is equal to: 1 divided by time period, so in first we should measure the time period. Time Period is the time of one full wave in AC voltage, means positive half wave+negative half wave. Here i used optocoupler for detecting the frequency of AC voltage. 47K resistor decrease the current to about 5mA for running the optocoupler and one diode for half wave rectification  So the arduino here calculate the ON time and OFF time of optocoupler that connected to Pin 13 in arduino board, then divided 1 by ( ON+OFF ) Time for give the frequency.  Since in arduino code the time always must insert as millisecond so we devide 1000 by ON+OFF Time for give the frequency. The circuit 100% insulated from mains voltage and can not be harmful for your arduino board. You can use any other available optocoupler rather than 817B.  Parts list:  Arduino board LCD display ...

This is a very useful timer that can run 110/220v AC load up to 10A. This circuit give 5 time periods from 1 minute to 60 minutes, you have to select the time by time selector switch then press START to activating the relay for running the AC load and turning OFF the load after selected time automatically.  Maximum time period in this timer is 60 minutes but if you need to higher period so you have to increase the value of 470uF capacitor or 4M resistor to higher value.  If you need this timer for DC loads so can use second circuit diagram. Parts list: IC 555 Transistor 2N5551 Relay 12v Red LED Green LED Push switch  Selector switch Diode 1N4007 Bridge diode 1A Zener diode 12v 1W Capacitor 470nF 400v Capacitor 220uF 16v Capacitor 100nF Capacitor 470uF 16v Resistor 270 ohm 2W Resistor 30K Resistor 1K(3pcs) Resistor 100K Resistor 500K Resistor 1.5M Resistor 2M Resistor 4M

This circuit is a simple power inverter that convert 1.5v to high voltage. output voltage is lower than 150v but can run a small 220v AC lamp (not full luminance).  I test it to running a 5W LED lamp. the circuit draw about 100mA to 200mA from the battery. you can see how it work in following video. Parts list: Transistor BC547 Transistor BD140 Transformer 220v:6v Capacitor 100nF Resistor 30K Note: Since the output voltage have high frequency so maybe harmful for multimeter voltage tester.

By this circuit you can turn ON and OFF an electric appliance up to 10A by any IR remote control such as remote control of TV, satellite, air conditioner ... etc. Red LED run when the load is turn OFF, it help you to find the switch position in dark. I put here two circuits, they are similar but the first contain a transformerless power supply circuit to convert 220v to 12v and 5v for running the 12v relay and the IC, but the second circuit is easier to make because used a 5v mobile charger to running the circuits by 220v. Parts list: IC 4017 IC 7805 Transistor 2N2222 Transistor S9012 Diode 1N4007 Bridge diode 1A Zener diode 12v 1w LED IR receiver 1838A Capaciror 470nF 400v Capacitor 220uF 16v Capacitor 0.47uF Resistor 270 ohm 2w Resistor 1K Resistor 100K Resistor 47 ohm Resistor 220 ohm Relay 12v

This is second 220v touch switch that i made. the first one was made by IC4011. Touching plate completely insulated from the main supply and can't be dangerous. Red LED allowing you easily to locate the switch in the dark, it be turn OFF when the AC lamp running ON. The touching plate must touch for 1 second for turning the load ON or OFF. You can't use very big touching plate for this circuit and the wire of touching plate must be short as possible. This circuit can run up to 10A load. Parts list: IC555 Bridge diode 1A Diode 1N4007 Zener diode 12v 1W Transistor 2N2222 Relay 12v LED Resistor 1K Resistor10K(3pcs) Resistor 270ohm 2W Capacitor 220uF 16v Capacitor470nF 400v Capacitor 47uF Note: Don't touch the circuit when it connected to the main voltage, even after power separating there are some remaining voltage in the capacitor that can give you shock.

When you have a pair of N and L wires and want to turn ON-OFF two lamps SEPARATELY , you have to add third wire, adding third wire for second lamp on the workbench is easy, but that is very hard or impossible if your wires are inside the wall. This is a very very simple idea for solving a big problem. you just have to using 4 diodes. First 2 diodes are responsible of running first lamp and another 2 diodes responsible of running second lamp. In following video i used 3A diodes(1N5408), but 1A diodes such as 1N4007 are enough. Since diodes run the load just in half AC cycle so the lamp give half luminescence because it will consumed half power, for this reason we have to add an capacitor parallel with the load(Lamp) as you can see in following pic. After adding the capacitor this problem solved, following fig. shown the power consumption of 100W lamp before using capacitor(in left) and after using the capacitor(in right) in this circuit.

By this Arduino project you can run any electric devices (AC and DC) by using any IR remote control in your home. (remote control of TV, satellite, air conditioner, etc) Since each IR remote control button have certain frequency, so you have to determine that and put that in the code.   You have to follow this steps: 1-connect your relay module (or LEDs) and infrared receiver module to your Arduino board as shown in following figures 2-then upload the code (in below of this page) to your Arduino board and open the serial monitor 3-then press any button of your remote control (put the remote toward the IR receiver) 4- put the number that appears in serial monitor (in prior step) in your code and repeat this work for each buttons then upload the code again  5-Now it is ready to use as you can see in following video, when you press the button key, the load that connected to that pin turn ON and by other press it be turn OFF. Note: you have to add IRremote.h file to your Arduino l...