electrialstandards

Full Wave Rectifier:- Full Wave Rectifier are used to convert AC into DC. Average DC output of full wave rectifier is more than half wave rectifier also ripples are lower in DC in full wave rectifier in comparison to half wave rectifier. Full wave rectifier circuit consists of 2 no. of diodes one for each half cycle. Full wave rectifier circuit is as shown below:- In above circuit secondary winding is center tapped. In this circuit each diode starts conducting when anode terminal is positive with respect to transformer center point. This will leads to conduct both diodes alternately and produces DC in both half cycles of AC. In circuit shown above you can see that there are two diode connected to single resistive load.In Transformer when point 1 get positive with respect to center point 3 diode 1 starts conducting and direction of flow is shown as in figure. Now when point 2 get positive with respect to center point 3 than diode 2 starts conducting in forward direction and direction of

Thermal power plants are the power plants in which coal combustion is used for generating electrical energy. These are also known as steam power plants. There are so many advantages and disadvantages of Thermal power plants as below:- Advantages of Thermal Power plants 1.       Lower Fuel cost:- Main advantage of Thermal power plant in comparison to other power plants is that fuel i.e. coal is very much cheap in comparison to other fuel power plants. 2.      Availability of Fuel:- There is abundant availability of coal and also cost of extraction of coal is quite cheaper. 3.      Lower installation cost:- Thermal power plants installation cost is very much lower than other power plants. 4.      Ease of Installation irrespective of location:- Thermal power plants can be installed anywhere in world as coal used of these power plants can be transported by rail/ road/ ship. 5.      Lower space requirements Space required for installation of Thermal power plants is very much lower than Hydr

This is color sensor that used TCS230 and RGB LED. color detection in this module depend on S2 and S3 output as follow: L means low and the H means high. you have to use a 330ohm resistor to protect the LEDs. Parts list: RGB LED Resistor 100 ohm Color sensor TCS230 Arduino board /* // TCS230 color recognition sensor // Sensor connection pins to Arduino are shown in comments Color Sensor      Arduino -----------      --------  VCC               5V  GND               GND  s0                8  s1                9  s2                12  s3                11  OUT               10  OE                GND */ const int s0 = 8;  const int s1 = 9;  const int s2 = 12;  const int s3 = 11;  const int out = 10;   // LED pins connected to Arduino int redLed = 2;  int greenLed = 3;  int blueLed = 4; // Variables  int red = 0;  int green = 0;  int blue = 0;      void setup()   {    Serial.begin(9600);   pinMode(s0, OUTPUT);    pinMode(s1, OUTPUT);    pinMode(s2, OUTPUT);    pinMode(s3, OUTPUT);    pinMo

RFID can use in many area such as security systems, door key, etc. Any RFID card have special ID so you must set your Arduino board to identify that ID for work only on your card. You have to follow this steps: 1-Connect your RFID module to Arduino board as follow 2-upload the programming code to Arduino board. 3-open "serial monitor" then put your card near RFID module. 4-you must add the number(ID) that shown in serial monitor to the code and upload the code again. 5-Now when you put your card near RFID module the output be turn on and after 5 seconds the output turn off automatically.(this time can change by change the number that written after "delay" in programming code).  // the sensor communicates using SPI, so include the library: #include <SPI.h> #define uchar unsigned char #define uint unsigned int //数组最大长度 #define MAX_LEN 16 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //set the pin //////////////////////////////////////////

In electrical Systems we have seen Single phase and three phase transformer, Single phase Transformers have single winding and three phase transformers have three windings. These windings are connected in connections such as star-delta, delta-delta, star-star connections. There is another connection known as open delta connections, which consist of two windings of transformers. Open delta connections are done when one winding of Transformer get faulty so as to continue the operation of Transformer but at reduced load. Open delta connections are as shown below:- There are only two windings on both Transformer primary and secondary sides. Open delta connections are often known as V-V Connection Transformers. Open delta connections are usually used to cater small loads. Power Delivered by Open Delta connected Transformer:- Power delivered by open delta connections in comparison to 3-winding Transformers is about 57.7% of power delivered by Three winding Tran