electrialstandards

Voltage drop is always a problem for electrical engineers. Every possibility is explored by electrical engineers to minimize voltage drop to minimum level so to do effective utilization of generated voltage and losses due to voltage drop. We Know that Voltage= Current X Resistance Now Resistance= Resistivity X length of conductor/ Area of conductor Now we get Voltage= Current X Resistivity X Length of conductor                                                        Area of conductor Now we see that voltage has relation with length  of conductor , current carried by conductor, Area of conductor. So by following means Voltage drop across a conductor can be minimized :- 1.        Increasing the area of conductor 2.        Decreasing length of conductor 3.        Decreasing current across conductor In additional to above there is fourth factor by which voltage drop can be reduced i.e. by decreasing conductor temperature. Now that factor comes from resistivity as resistivity decreases with

Transformer are integral part of Electrical Systems. In same way Transformer oil is Integral part of Transformers. Although Dry type transformers are available in market , but still oil type transformers are most widely used and  preferred worldwide. FUNCTIONS OF TRANSFORMER OIL 1.   Transformer oil   provide dielectric strength to transformer insulation system. 2. It also provide efficient cooling to Transformer as heat generated in winding get dissipated through transformer oil. PRODUCTION OF TRANSFORMER OIL                              ¬   Transformer oil is hydrocarbon product mainly  oil contains (i)                   Naphthenic (ii)                 Paraffinic and (iii)                Aromatics. Following procedure is adopted for obtaining the TOBS (Transformer Oil Base stock) from crude oil which is buried from earth crust :- (i)       Distillation (ii) Acid treatment (iii) Neutralization (iv) Water wash (v) Hot air blowing. (vi)   Clay treatment process on Transformer Oil Base S

For protection of Solar panels bypass diodes are used details for protection of solar panel is as described below:- Bypass diode is also known as free-wheeling diode and is connected in parallel to every solar cell or for group of solar cells. It is not advisable to use bypass diode for every solar cell as it is too costly so it is used for group of solar cells. Bypass diode is connected in parallel with opposite polarity to a solar cell. As we know that solar panel is constructed using individual   solar cells and solar cells are made from layers of silicon semiconductor materials. One layer of silicon is treated with a substance to create an excess of electrons. This becomes the negative or N-type layer. The other layer is treated to create a deficiency of electrons, and becomes the positive or P-type layer similar to transistors and diodes. During normal operation of solar panels all solar cells are forward biased and bypass diode is reverse biased as bypass diode acts as open circu

                   Now a days, Engineering students are really suffering a lot with lack of basic knowledge in the field.  it is because of not updating themselves to the present day technology.Each and everyday technology is changing like climates,we don't want to know everything in this world.but we should have a adequate ideas about few things which will give a lot of confidence in yourself to be good in all the forms life.             So. Please collect information as much as possible and Be a ENGINEER not a ENGINEERING GRADUATE

Comparison between Mono-crystalline and Multi-crystalline Solar Panels:- Both types of solar panels use Silicon crystalline panels. Only difference is the purity of silicon used during manufacturing process. More purity of silicon we use better will be the efficiency of solar panels, but more purity we achieve is at the expense of more cost. Mono-Crystalline Solar panels Typical Mono-Crystalline solar panels are typically dark black in colour. Also corners are missing in these types of solar panels. They have uniform look which indicates that they have high purity of silicon. Mono-crystalline solar cells are usually made out of silicon blocks which are cylindrical in shape. Poly-crystalline Solar Panels:- Pole crystalline solar panels are usually light or dark blue colour, some patches are lighter than others. Poly-crystalline solar panels are usually perfect rectangular and these don’t have round edges. Raw silicon is melted and poured into a square mold, which is cooled and cut into