electrialstandards

Capacitor is used to store the energy but the process how capacitor stores energy will be discussed in this article. Capacitor is also known as condenser. It is used both in electrical and electronic circuits and they are available in smaller sizes from Picofarad to KVAr. Capacitors have wide applications in electrical systems such as for starting of single phase motors. Capacitors are also used for providing reactive power so as to improve power factor which will leads to lower electricity bill and lower burden on Generating station. Capacitors are also used in :- 1 .       Oscillation circuits 2.       They are used to smooth rectified AC Outputs. 3.       Radio receivers for tuning. 4.       Time delay circuits 5.       Electrical filters. Units of capacitor are Farad. It is symbolized by Letter “F”. A Farad is defined as “the capacitance when a potential...

What is Net Metering? Net metering is the concept  used in Solar Power where discoms will allow  Individuals  and  corporate's  to feed power generated from Solar or any means to their grid . A net metering meter will be installed by Power distribution company(DISCOM) which measures power fed to grid and accordingly consumer will be charged or paid back.  Alternatively, the meter, having the feature of recording both the import and export values. Solar PV Power Generation: Sunlight is converted to electricity directly when made to fall on solar photovoltaic (SPV) modules. This electricity generated is used for lighting and various other purposes.  Grid connected roof top solar PV system:   In recent years solar PV systems became viable and attractive.  Available roof-top area on the buildings can also be used for setting up solar PV power plants which will leads to no expenses for land requirements for solar panels installations. The electri...

Maximum Power Point Tracking is most powerfull concept in the field of Solar power . Let’s study about what is Maximum Solar power point tracking and it’s applications in Solar power systems. A MPPT is an electronic DC to DC converter that optimizes the midst of the solar array (PV panels), and the battery bank to get the optimum use of Solar power.  Why There is Need of MPPT Solar cells are clean source of Energy. Most Solar PV panels are built to give nominal output voltage of 12 volts. But Solar cells designed for 12V can give output from 16V to 18V.  Mostly batteries are charged from about 13.2 to 14.4 volts. Now Solar panels can give output voltage ranging from 16V to 18V but batteries can be charged upto 13.2-14.4V. Now lets assume that we have a solar panel having Capacity of 150 watt. The Solar power panel is rated at 8.52 amps at 17.6 volts. (8.52 amps X 17.6 volts = 150 watts).  i.e. Solar panel will give output voltage of 17.6 Volts at 8.52A. But this is Solar...

We have seen that in the resistances in the case of a series connection their ohmic value increases, while in the case of a parallel connection decreases. To know about series and Parallel connection in case of resistor please visit:- http://electrialstandards.blogspot.in/2014/12/resistance-in-series-and-parallel.html In capacitors is the exact opposite:- Series connections of capacitors:- A series of two capacitors will reduce their net capacitance which is similar to if distance between capacitor plates is increased, but working voltage will increase. In series connections charge stored by each capacitor is same. If we apply a voltage source to series connected capacitors than current flow will have only one path which will leads to same voltage across each capacitor. Parallel Connections of Capacitors In the case of a parallel connection the capacitors will have a higher capacity which is similar to as if they increased the size of the two plates, remain unchanged by their working v...

This circuit can detect the live AC wire. Can run it by 3 to 9v. You can add a buzzer to circuit. NOTE: don't touch the wires of the circuits for good detection. You can make similar to this circuit using IC4017 or IC4060

This circuit is an AC voltage detector that don't need to contact with the electric wire. It can run with 6 to 12v. NOTE: don't touch the wires in the circuit for good detection. You can make similar to this circuit by IC 4017 .

This circuit is a randomly flasher that can use as Christmas tree flasher you can add many LEDs in each branch can run it by 5 to 12v according to number of LEDs in each branch. 390 ohm resistor used to LEDs protection. Parts list: IC 4060 LEDs Capacitor 10nF(0.01uF) Resistor 390ohm Resistor 100K Resistor 2.2M Potentiometer 1M